Saturday 19 March 2016

Maturation Modules and Investment: Arriving at the Optimum Trading Plan

Why smile? Indeed, I know that when a person smiles, he or she is happy. And so, when a child smiles, we know it is happy. Society has many such 'reward' modules.

Work and Grow Wealth

Working is one form of occupation. Another is business. The businessman has less work to do. And the third kind of person is the investor. The investor has the least amount of work to do but he or she does not have guaranteed returns on the investment. They have to wait for their 'rewards' and in the meantime, anything can happen. These you could say are 'maturation' modules. It is a very important category of society, especially when dealing with the finance and commerce segment.

The Power of Investing

The investor has the easiest job of all. He can open a trading account online and begin trading within an hour. He can make Rs. 1, 00, 000 within 25 minutes. Compared to the 2 months that a businessman requires to make the same amount and the 10 years a working-class man needs to arrive at the same figure, there is little wonder then that most people are willing to take the risk and go in for trading.
We see here how the investment to growth factor has crossed several barriers, namely class consciousness and reasonableness.

What Limits for Each?

Reasonableness is the amount of money one estimates through working to the amount that one must spend on savings or investment. It is reasonable for a worker to save or invest a couple of hundred rupees every month. A businessman will save or invest a couple of thousand rupees. So, where does the investor draw the line to reasonableness when he or she is making an investment?

Set Your Limits

Granted that the person is neither a worker nor is he or she a businessperson, the investment clearly does not have any real basis. The consideration comes from the position of stock in the market and the amount of time and effort the investor is willing to spend to make an investment. The last thing, of course, will be the amount of money that he or she is able to lay their greedy hands on.
This kind of independence makes the person smile, and indeed why not?

Friday 12 February 2016

Analysis of Mitochondrial Disease Life Expectancy and Symptoms

Learn about Mitochondrial Disease

This is a dreadful disease with no known cure until now. The energy cells of the body one by one stop doing their duty until the person dies. The exact time for the onset of this disease has not been established. However, the life function – producing energy from food and oxygen dies out. Mostly, children affected by the mitochondrial disease cannot expect to survive beyond the teenage years. The chances that adults develop this disease are pretty high. The first signs of the onset of disease are when the person becomes intolerant to exercise. 



The Onset of the Disease and Its Types

This ailment affects the innermost cell structure. The unit known as mitochondria produces 87% of all energy produced in the human body. Thus when they fail, you can see a drastic collapse of the person in his bearing.

Symptoms of the Ailment

Many types of mitochondrial ailments are gene-related. The parents pass this ailment on to their children. The circumstantial factors like pollution or having an attack of infection too can play a major role. Collapse takes place beginning from the vital organs – heart, lung, and liver. The signs seen would be as follows:
On the milder side these would be seen:
·         Swallowing difficulty
·         Blindness and deafness
·         Constipation and diarrhea
·         Vomiting
·         Heart and kidney problems
·         Immune system problems
·         Muscle failure

Be Prepared for the Ailment

Take action when you see the early symptoms. When the disease progresses too much, these signs would be seen:

·         Collapse of muscle tone
·         Repeated attacks of infection
·         Violent seizures
·         Fevers
·         Intolerance to temperature changes
·         Feeding problems

When any infection shows atypical signs, it is the first red flag for mito disease. On the other hand, there may be multiple organ failures after a period of illness. Mitochondrial disease life expectancy has never been good, so be prepared for all eventualities. Adults who experience this ailment often live for many years without any trouble, well past all predictions. However, they will face more burdens since this disease will obstruct them from doing normal work. In addition, they need to do regular housework for which their health may not be conducive.

Variations of this disorder
The different varieties of this disorder depend on when and where the infection strikes. Myoclonus epilepsy and KSS are often seen. Signs of ailment would include breathlessness, nausea, and headaches.
1.   KSS: Kearns—Sayre Syndrome will manifest as problems with the eye mainly in the form of drooping eyelids. Infections of the retina that might take place along with high levels of fluid might also be present. In some cases, deafness and dementia could occur.

2.    Leigh’s Disease: When you get an infection during your childhood, there is a chance for Leigh’s disease to occur. Lesions are formed on the brain stem after the disease progresses. Basic functionality like walking and sucking or head control will be lost. The person will become irritable and have incidents of vomiting and seizures.

3.   Carnitine Deficiency: When the consciousness of the person is affected leading to coma the treatment required involves use of L-Carnitine.

Treatment for Disorder

To date, we have nothing that can cure or treat this disorder. However, eating well will keep energy levels up. Plenty of food from morning to bedtime will keep the person going. Include plenty of vitamin-rich food in the diet. Take measures to eliminate pollutants. Avoid smoke-filled areas. Stop alcohol consumption as this is poisonous. Take only those food items that the doctor recommended.

The Prognosis for this Ailment

There is no time limit set for those with this ailment. However, adults have better chances of surviving for more years than children. Research is ongoing in this line to try and find the cure. The environmental conditions will affect the person a lot and so one has to try to keep the living quarters and surrounding clean and healthy.
NOTE: These notes are only to get an idea of the disease. These are not medically perfect and you should consult your own physician before taking any medicine or following any steps outlined here.

Saturday 24 October 2015

Walking is a Simple Form of Exercise: Perspective of an Article Writer

Just as there are sentences within an article, a walk adds to a person's health.  As a point of interest, when one walks for half an hour, he or she burns 185 calories. 

The Usefulness of Exercising

Exercising burns up excess fat present in the body. Now, walking could be the event where the person takes just a couple of steps or it could be the one where he or she is reaching the other end of the town within the day. For the article writer, writing articles might involve a simple note -- "Remember the milk," or it could be an essay on how to invest money stretching to several pages. The point is that both involve expending energy, and we achieve a different goal through each.

Why Should We Walk?

Let us begin by including walking in the schedule of daily events. Walking loosens the muscles, and sets the rhythm for the entire body. It improves our health, and good health is the fulcrum for an effective metabolism. Further, it helps us develop a good perception, by adding physical distance to your personal viewpoint. When you say something, it has to make meaning for we have an inbuilt radar that tells us when we are doing or saying wrong things. 
For the writer, in his article, these are things extraneous to the topic and unless he maintains a strong perspective, the reader will get lost. He will not understand what you say. Also, when you talk away from the subject, it will not contribute to the SEO of the article.
In going for a walk, we take our minds away from our thoughts. While writing, we put ideas and lots of thoughts into the words.

The Importance of SEO

About SEO, the internet works because of search engines like Yahoo, Google, and Bing. If these engines don't find your article, your blog will not appear in the search results of these engines. When we write, we must pay attention to the SEO as well.

Using Support Factors

Lastly, subsistence depends on augmenting muscle strength with nutritious food intake. Good food supplies the body with vitamins, and minerals, in addition to carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. For the writer, these are pictures, figures, charts, and vital statistics one adds to the article to make it meaningful. One must draw a line between reading and eating. We read the article and eat the food. Both are essential and keeping a perspective on both will help us. When the elements of the article are balanced properly, the article makes for pleasant reading. When we have enough nutritious food, we enjoy our walk. So want to go for a walk?

Thursday 15 October 2015

Running in the Morning

Exercise is essential for our metabolism. Ignoring this will upset our internal body mechanism such as digestion, temperature stabilization, and flushing of wastes.

The Usefulness

We burn calories through exercise. Running, or jogging in the morning is popular among the young ones. Older people like a brisk walk.



Sunday 6 September 2015

Health is No Accident - Eat Well

Every time you do something, you spend some energy. To move, lift things, talk, sit down, and just about everything else, you need energy. We can say health is the ability of our body to do work.

Keep Energy Levels Up

The metabolism works round-the-clock taking care of your internal working. These include activities such as breathing, blood circulation, digestion, and so on. You need energy for these activities also. When the energy level drops too low (such as when you are fasting or skipping meals), the body will also do some skipping on its own. It will do only priority work and skip doing non-essential services because there isn't enough energy to go around.

Energy is Important for Life

Think about a boat which is stagnant on the lake. It will move forward when you begin to row. Likewise the human body will function well, if you eat good nutritious food. Different food items provide energy in different ways and amounts. It is advisable to have a generous distribution across the table so you have energy in all departments. Here are some food that has good nutritious content:

  • Lean milk
  • Nuts
  • Green vegetables
  • Fruits
  • Fish
  • Lean meat

Different Forms of Energy in Food

The body requires energy giving proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. In addition, it also requires vitamins and minerals that cannot be made by the body. So, these nutrients have to come from the food that we eat. These nutrients help in maintaining the hormone level to regulate growth of tissues. Cells in the body tissues undergo constant replacement and growth. Without this, our body will not remain healthy for long.

Friday 28 August 2015

Weekends we take rest to be more efficient

I love my weekends. The semi-fortnightly cycle does have some earthly bearings but its effect on the human body are heavenly. For one, it arrests the galloping metabolism (or sluggish metabolism for the sedentary types) and gives the body some rest. Next, it adds variety, which makes the senses invigorated "making the juices flow".

Tuesday 25 August 2015

Friday 14 August 2015

REVIEW OF BODY SYSTEMS: EXERCISE AND METABOLISM


Need for Nutritious food

Every person needs minimum of 2000 Calories of energy intake by way of food. Where does it all go? The body uses the energy to keep the body mechanism ticking. It takes care of things like breathing, blood circulation, digestion and growth of new cells. 


Exercise is of two types. In this review, we will examine the passive exercise regime. This consists of simple exercises that anyone can and should do to keep fit. Simple stretches could be supplemented by light walks or jogging. This might seem too much for the couch potato who only needs to sit around and gawk at the TV all day long.


Impacting metabolic activity
The metabolism slows down so much that it stops doing normal work. This leads to a variety of diseases such as apnea that causes further deterioration of the health. Is is possible for that person to get stroke or diabetes because of the improper function of the metabolism.


Exercise helps restore good metabolic activity
Exercise augments regular metabolic function. It increases the rate at which things happen within the body. It thus improves the level of health. Body systems remain healthy and metabolism functions better. Exercise is essential for normal body functioning. 

SMILE YOUR WAY TO GOOD HEALTH

Smiling puts the cake back where it belongs -- on the table.

Stress is an deterrent to good health. Building up stress comes natural to us. We populate those areas where interaction is unceasing and there is no let up from worries. Even the television telecasts programs that have problems projected right through the day.

As a consequence, the normal man does not think it correct if he does not face some kind of problem. Smile is a stress buster. It removes the unbalanced forces by soothing the nervous system and restoring the balance
pic courtesy: Pixabay Public Domain
in the mind.

There are some who go to the extreme exercise in stress busting -- laughing. They laugh for 10 minutes and then laugh about it for the rest of the day. This may not be necessary, a mere smile will keep your cylinders banging to the right rhythm.

Smile is a great social tool. It helps spread the happiness and cheer to everyone one meets along the way. Smile and you have a great way to a great day.

SMILE YOUR WAY TO GOOD HEALTH

Smiling puts the cake back where it belongs -- on the table.

Stress is an deterrent to good health. Building up stress comes natural to us. We populate those areas where interaction is unceasing and there is no let up from worries. Even the television telecasts programs that have problems projected right through the day.

As a consequence, the normal man does not think it correct if he does not face some kind of problem. Smile is a stress buster. It removes the unbalanced forces by soothing the nervous system and restoring the balance in the mind.

There are some who go to the extreme exercise in stress busting -- laughing. They laugh for 10 minutes and then laugh about it for the rest of the day. This may not be necessary, a mere smile will keep your cylinders banging to the right rhythm.

Smile is a great social tool. It helps spread the happiness and cheer to everyone one meets along the way. Smile and you have a great way to a great day.

Monday 10 August 2015

Importance of eating a full breakfast

The human body is a wonderful machine that coordinates multiple functions into one seamless existence .
The energy for all activities inside the human body comes from the food that we eat.
Balancing the food is an art. Yet it is essential since this will provide the best nutrients a person needs.
Eating proper food in the correct amount will keep you free from disease.

Friday 31 July 2015

The Tripomatic is a travel app for the iPhone

The Tripomatic is a travel app for the iPhone. A company based in Brno in the Czech Republic has developed it. The husband-wife team of Barbora and Lukas Nevosad are the founders of this enterprise. They are both ecommerce students from Sweden. The Next Web rated it as the best travel app of 2012.


The Tripomatic is aimed at bringing interesting places to the attention of tourists through travel maps. It can be used to plan the trip and print the maps of the places that they wished to see. It presently is optimized for the iPhone 5. It works with iPhones 3GS, 4, 4S, 5, touch version 3 onwards and iPad. You may share the data and trip plans over the Internet using the Facebook or through emails.

Using the app 
You start by typing the name of a city and you will be presented with a list of things and places of interest in the city. It is a free app, which was conceptualized early in 2011 and has been around since 2012.

This app shows 320 + places of interest, 25,000 + attractions, opening closing hours, admission fees and details that is of interest to the tourist. The latest version has plenty of offline maps and data, which was a complaint with the people who could not do so before. Using the phone to read a map at roaming charges is sure to run up the phone bill. Another improvement that met with a lot of smiles was the ability to delete a trip from the app itself.

Imaginary travel or future plans 
The thrill of the app is evident in the way one may 'visit' sites all over the world and discover things of interest. One can save the 'trip' and make plans with your friends before you finally embark on it. The main website Tripomatic.com syncs with the app on your phone and lets you add details.

When you are planning your family vacation, you should consider different things and different places. One could have a boating vacation, or a holiday at a hill station. One could go on a skiing vacation or visit unknown places. Begin your plans with a list of things you would need on your travels such as appropriate clothing and hiking sandals

Check on holiday packages from tour operators. You could have a European vacation, or holiday in USA. You could visit exotic places in Thailand or see some historic landmarks in India. 

It is rated 4+ in the App store. It is highly recommended to download this app since it is 100% free, you do not like it, and you do not have to worry too much.

Thursday 25 June 2015

Smile your way to good health

Smiling puts the cake back where it belongs -- on the table.

Stress is an deterrent to good health. Building up stress comes natural to us. We populate those areas where interaction is unceasing and there is no let up from worries. Even the television telecasts programs that have problems projected right through the day.

As a consequence, the normal man does not think it correct if he does not face some kind of problem. Smile is a stress buster. It removes the unbalanced forces by soothing the nervous system and restoring the balance
pic courtesy: Pixabay Public Domain
in the mind.

There are some who go to the extreme exercise in stress busting -- laughing. They laugh for 10 minutes and then laugh about it for the rest of the day. This may not be necessary, a mere smile will keep your cylinders banging to the right rhythm.

Smile is a great social tool. It helps spread the happiness and cheer to everyone one meets along the way. Smile and you have a great way to a great day.

Wednesday 24 June 2015

Disappearing Beaches and Rising Ocean Waters


India has a long coastline. All of South India and parts of North India has seashores. People love their beaches but where are the beaches going?
 
Many of its seashores are fast disappearing. Erosion and rising water levels are swallowing up low lying land areas. When you walk on the beaches you see marking sometimes inside the water that says—“The waterline was here!”

There is nothing we can do – or is there? Actually, the beaches have been around for thousands of years. What has not been around is the atmospheric pollution. The rising amounts of greenhouse gases make
PublicDomainPictures https://pixabay.com/en/blue-summer-woman-mom-people-joy-69762/
https://pixabay.com/static/uploads/photo/2012/12/13/11/48/blue-69762_640.jpg
it impossible for us to live a healthy life.

The greenhouse gases also make the Earth a hothouse. The temperature rises and the ice shelves begin to melt. So much so, the sea levels begin to rise. And the beaches disappear.

So, do you feel the heat?










Monday 9 February 2015

Daily Requirement of Minerals Vitamins Essential Nourishment Facts


Food intake comprises of carbohydrates, fats, water fiber and proteins. Essential minerals and vitamins that cannot be processed by the human body, we take as foods. Vegetables, fruits, nuts and oils have lots of essential nutrition that our body needs. Here we examine what should be the dietary intake on a daily basis so that the food is balanced and has enough nourishment.

Primary consideration

a.     Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates consist of disaccharides, monosaccharides and polysaccharides. The body metabolizes them and converts them to glucose. Glucose is the only form of sugar that can be used by the body for its energy requirements. The hormone insulin carries the glucose into the cells for utilization for various metabolic processes.

We find complex carbohydrates in the form of starch in root vegetables and bread. Fructose constitutes the simple carbohydrate that we find in fruits.

Ketosis can occur if you do not consume enough carbohydrates. This takes place to provide energy for the body and the functioning of the brain. When the brain seeks energy from fats the partially broken down fats become acidic molecules known as ketones.
                                              i.     Sources: Cereals, Sugar crops, vegetables, milk and milk products, root crops, pulses, fruit.
                                            ii.     Amount: At least 50% – 60 % of the energy should come from carbohydrates. If you increase the percentage, the food will become deficient in proteins, fibers and fats. For example, 100 g of sugar will give you 100 calories of carbohydrates. Cereals give 90 – 92 %.
b.    Fats: The body has two kinds of fats, white and brown. The white fat stores energy while the brown fat burns up releasing energy. You can understand why fats are important by studying the amount of energy stored by each food component.
We have three kinds of fats – trans fats, saturated fats and unsaturated fats. The body requires fats to transport vitamins to various organs in the body. Choosing good fats over bad fats helps you avoid heart diseases, high cholesterol and elevated blood pressure.
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats reduce cholesterol levels and thus are good for your health. Trans fats are found in pre-processed foods. Saturated fats you find in fried foods. Trans fats and saturated fats are bad for your health.

          Component of food
Energy stored (kJ/g)
Fat
38.8
Carbohydrate
17
Protein
17.2
Alcohol
29.3
Sugars, sweeteners
9.8
Fiber
7.6

                                              i.     Sources: Sources of good fats are:
1.    Monounsaturated fats
Peanut oil, Canola oil, Olive oil, sunflower oil, nuts and peanut butter.
2.    Polyunsaturated fats
Corn oil, safflower oil, walnuts, soybean oil, flax seeds, pumpkin seeds, fatty fish, soymilk.

Sources of bad fats are:
1.    Saturated fats
Whole fat diary products, cheese, butter, chicken with skin, palm oil, coconut oil, meat with whole fats.
2.    Trans fats
Margarine, snack foods like popcorn and crackers, pastries, cookies, candy bars.
Omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fishes helps reduce incidence of heart disease.
                                            ii.     Amount: Fat constitutes 22% – 33 % of your total calorific requirement. If you follow a 2000 calorie diet then fats will make up 440 – 650 calories. Keep trans fat at 1% –3 % (approximately 6 calories) per day and saturated fats to 9% – 10% (approximately 180 calories to 200 calories). For instance, one teaspoon of fish oil will give you 1.9 g of omega-3 fats. Every 50 g of walnuts give you 4.54 g of fats. 

c.     Proteins: Proteins are building blocks in the body for building cells and tissues. As a source of energy, protein has only 4 Kcal of energy compared to the 9 Kcal that carbohydrates and fats have. The body needs 9 essential amino acids (base form of the proteins) of which five can be synthesized within the body. Protein is needed for regular growth and maintenance within the body.
                                              i.     Sources: Egg, meat, milk and fish are complete proteins. Cereals, whole grains, such as millet, rye, oats, wheat and rice also contain proteins. Turkey, fish, cheese, beef, beans and eggs top the list of protein rich food.
                                            ii.     Amount: Around 30% of the calories must come from proteins. This means in a 1980 calorie diet you must have 660 – 700 calories of proteins. For example 100 g cheese will give you 150 calories of proteins and 100 g of turkey will provide 130 calories of proteins.
d.    Water
                                              i.     Do not forget this vital ingredient. Water reduces the risk of heart attack, boosts the metabolism, helps transport vitamins to various organs, helps excrete waste. Metabolic water is water synthesized inside the body from metabolic activities (For every 100 g proteins – 41.3 g, starch – 52 g and fat – 109 g). One must drink around 2.5 litres of water every day.
e.    Fiber
Dietary fiber consists of that portion of the food that cannot be digested. We have soluble and insoluble fiber. Insoluble fiber helps reduce incidence of heart disease, relieves constipation and improves bowel movement. Soluble fiber helps reduce blood glucose levels and reduce cholesterol.
                                              i.     Amounts: Recommended amounts of fiber for men will be 38 gram and for women will be 25 gram.
                                            ii.     Sources: Potatoes, cauliflower, wheat bran, beans and nuts are good sources for fiber.

Secondary consideration

Vitamins

Vitamins are essential chemical elements and compounds that is mostly derived from the food we eat. They help break the carbohydrates, proteins and fats present in the food and convert them into energy. They help produce genetic material, blood cells, hormones and chemicals needed for your nervous system. They do not provide energy by themselves as they do not have any calorific content.

We categorize vitamins as fat soluble and water soluble vitamins. We have four fat soluble vitamins Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin K and Vitamin E that need fat to undergo transportation to various parts of the body. The other ten vitamins are water soluble.
                                              i.         Vitamin A: It helps maintain normal vision and cell growth. Vitamin A helps immune system and so deficiency can lead to infections. It further helps in protein transformation, good skin health and gene transcription. Daily requirement is 700 µg to 2,800 µg. Pumpkin, squash, leafy greens and carrots are rich in Vitamin A.
                                            ii.         Biotin: We refer to this as Vitamin H or Vitamin B7. Necessary for converting food into energy in the metabolic process, our body requires 30 mcg of Biotin everyday. Sources are bread, egg, salmon and whole grain bread.
                                          iii.         Vitamin B 12: This vitamin finds use in cell creation, metabolism of amino acid and fatty acids and provides protection for nerve cells. Daily requirement of this vitamin is 2.45 µg. Foods containing this vitamin are pumpkin, mango, carrot and eggs.
                                           iv.         Vitamin B6: Also known as pyridoxine, Vitamin B6 helps synthesize serotonin, steroids and red blood cells. Daily requirement is 1.35 – 81 mg. hazelnuts, potatoes with skin, bananas,  and salmon have plenty of Vitamin B6.
                                             v.         Choline: Choline is a water soluble B vitamin. The human body requires Acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in activities of the muscle and brain. Choline helps in the formation of acetylcholine. Vegetarians have high risk of choline deficiency. Daily requirement would be 500 mg. Sources are broccoli, beef, milk chocolate, milk and eggs. Do not exceed 3,000 mg.
                                           vi.         Vitamin D: Helps in maintaining bone density, functioning of nervous system, immunity functions and metabolizes of calcium while the body synthesizes Vitamin D from the sun shine shining on the skin. Daily requirements is 15 µg and not to exceed 50 µg. Egg yolks, fortified milk and salmon are good sources of this vitamin.
                                         vii.         Vitamin C: This vitamin helps the body absorb iron and has antioxidant properties. It helps form collagen in blood vessels, bones, muscle and cartilage. Minimum requirement of Vitamin C is 75 mg and one should not exceed 2000 mg. Pepper, guava, broccoli, oranges and tomatoes have Vitamin C.
                                       viii.         Vitamin K: This is a fat soluble vitamin that helps bone development and wound healing. Women consuming pills for birth control should avoid taking Vitamin K supplement as this could give rise to unnecessary clots. Daily recommended dosage is 100 – 120 µg. You get it from parsley and broccoli.
                                           ix.         Vitamin E: Excellent source of antioxidant, Vitamin E helps maintain cell integrity. It relieves pain and numbness in limbs, improves coordination and battles muscle weakness. Recommended intake is 15 mg. One should not exceed 1000 mg. Sources include hazelnuts, almonds, canola oil and olive oil.
                                             x.         Niacin: Also known as Vitamin B3, Niacin helps maintain your hair, nails and your RBC. It helps convert food to energy. Extreme deficiency of this vitamin can lead to death too after you go mad. It begins as a skin irritation and then leads to diarrhea (Four D’s). Daily requirement is 16 mg. Upper limit is 35 mg. Sources are coffee, chicken, and peanuts.
                                           xi.         Thiamine: Supports normal growth and helps convert food to energy. It is integral to muscles and nerves. Recommended daily dose would be 1.1 mg. You get it from whole cereal food items.
                                         xii.         Riboflavin: Riboflavin in water soluble  B vitamin that augments iron absorption in intestines, converts food to energy, enhances health of skin, eyes, brain, muscles and hair. Too much intake will turn color of pee into yellow. Daily requirements is 1.3 mg. Sources are egg, cereals cheddar cheese, almond and milk.
                                       xiii.         Folic acid: This B vitamin helps women get pregnant. People refer to it as Vitamin B9 or Vitamin M. This cannot be synthesized in the body. Recommended intake is 400 ---1000 µg per day. Pregnant women need to take more, about 600 –1000 µg per day. The body needs this for production and maintenance of new cells. Sources are orange juice, spinach, lentils, asparagus and cereals.
                                        xiv.         Pantothenic acid: Pantothenic acid takes part in carbohydrate as well as fat metabolism. This coenzyme helps in synthesis of cholesterol and neurotransmitters. Recommended dosage is 5 mg per day. Sources of Pantothenic acid are peanuts, sunflower seeds, eggs, vegetables, milk and meat.

Minerals

Minerals do not contain any carbon in their chemical makeup. They make up 4 –5 % of our body weight. They participate in nervous system responsiveness, initiation of chemical reactions, secretion of body fluids and maintain water balance in the body. 

                                              i.         Manganese: This element helps in bone building, healing of wound and in synthesizing energy. Daily requirement for men is 2.34 mg and for women is 1.79 mg. Green tea, oatmeal and pineapples are good sources for manganese. Take care not to exceed the daily intake over 10 mg.
                                            ii.         Magnesium: Other than building strong teeth and healthy bones in conjunction with calcium, magnesium helps in cell signaling, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation energy metabolism and proper contraction of muscles. Men would require 400 mg (women need a little less at 310 mg). Sources are bananas, spinach, brown rice and almonds.
                                          iii.         Iron: Essential component of hemoglobin (present in red blood cells) and myoglobin (present in muscles) that help conduct oxygen to different parts of the body. Iron helps the body produce collagen (blood clotting) hormones, neurotransmitters and amino acids. Women need more iron than men (18 mg, men 8 mg). Sources are potatoes, raisins, oysters and beef.
                                           iv.         Phosphorus: Phosphorus is good for the teeth and the skeletal system. It helps convert food into energy and forms a vital component of DNA as well as RNA and moves nutrients to  the respective organs. Daily requirement is 700 mg. One should not have more than 3,500 mg as this could lead to toxicity. Sources comprise of chicken, eggs, salmon, yogurt and cheese.
                                             v.         Molybdenum: Molybdenum helps accelerate the rate at which the body converts stored nutrients into energy. Daily requirement of this nutrient is 45 µg. Sources are chestnuts, peanuts, almonds and black beans. Do not exceed 1750 µg.
                                           vi.         Calcium: Teeth and bones need calcium. Calcium also plays a role in nerve signaling, blood pressure, blood clotting, muscle function and hormone secretion. Daily requirement is 1000 mg and upper limit is 2,500 mg. Spinach, cheddar cheese, yogurt and milk have plenty of calcium.
                                         vii.         Zinc: Zinc boosts the immune system, forms building block of cells, proteins and enzymes. It helps free Vitamin A from the liver. It enhances wound healing and sense of hearing and smell. Recommended intake is 11 mg daily. Do not go over 40 mg. Sources of zinc in food consists of cashews, milk, oyster, turkey and beef.
                                       viii.         Iodine: Iodine helps maintain basal metabolic rate. It aids thyroid function. It helps in body growth, development, muscle and nerve function and regulation of body temperatures. Daily requirement is 150 µg. Do not exceed 1000 µg. Sources are baked potatoes, milk, shrimp and eggplant.
                                           ix.         Fluoride: Fluorides help reinforce bone and teeth. Daily requirement is 3 – 4 mg. Sources are chicken and grape juice.
                                             x.         Copper: Copper helps create red blood cells, plays a part in functioning of nervous system, immunity and energy metabolism. Requirement is 900 µg per day. Sources are raw mushrooms, nuts, crabmeat and liver.